A set of multi-entry identification keys to African frugivorous flies (Diptera, Tephritidae)

Massimiliano Virgilio, Ian White, Marc De Meyer


Dacus ciliatus


Genus genus unknown or Bactrocera, Zeugodacus and Dacus. Key to genera Gen.o.5: sex male or female. Head Gen.h.5: first flagellomere longer than facial margin, Gen.h.15: ocellar setae absent. Wings Gen.w.5: cell bcu (cup) appendix longer than base, Gen.w.10: (males) wing banding Gen.w.10.2: not Ceratitis pattern, Gen.w.20: (females) wing banding not Ceratitis pattern. Thorax Gen.t.5: prescutellar setae absent, Gen.t.10: basal scutellar setae absent, Gen.t.15: anepisternal setae 1, Gen.t.25: scutellum pattern Gen.t.25.1: unicolor, white to yellow (at most along basal margin with transverse darker band) or Gen.t.25.2: unicolor, red to red-brown (at most along basal margin with transverse darker band), Gen.t.45: postpronotal lobe unicolor or patterned, Gen.t.50: anepisternal stripe absent or vertical. Abdomen Gen.a.5: tergites fused. Ecology and distribuion distribution West Africa, East Africa, Central Africa, Southern Africa or Indian Ocean. Key to Bactrocera, Zeugodacus and Dacus sex male or female. Thorax BZD.t.5: predominant colour of scutum colored (orange, red, brown), BZD.t.10: postpronotal lobe colour entirely pale (yellow or orange) or partly pale, BZD.t.20: transverse suture (notopleural suture) with triangular yellow mark yes or no, BZD.t.45: scutum with a medial vitta or stripe no, BZD.t.60: scutellum extensively marked (patterned) no, BZD.t.90: anepisternal stripe extent not reaching anterior notopleural seta, BZD.t.95: yellow marking on anatergite and katatergite katatergite only, BZD.t.120: scutum with anterior supra-alar setae no, BZD.t.125: scutum with prescutellar acrostichal setae no. Abdomen BZD.a.10: tergites fused yes, BZD.a.25: medial longitudinal stripe on tergite 4 no. Wings BZD.w.15: cell c with covering of microtrichia along entire length at least anteriorly no, BZD.w.20: cell br (narrowed part) with extensive covering of microtrichia yes, BZD.w.35: complete costal band yes, BZD.w.55: costal band depth not below vein R2+3, BZD.w.65: costal band expanded into an apical spot yes or no (by misinterpretation), BZD.w.95: anal streak yes or no, BZD.w.120: wings patterned (other than costal band and anal streak) no, BZD.w.150: transverse mark over crossvein dm-cu (not direct to any on r-m) no. Legs BZD.l.5: fore femur colour BZD.l.5.2: unicolor yellow / pale, BZD.l.10: mid femur colour BZD.l.10.2: unicolor yellow / pale or BZD.l.10.3: bi-coloured or with dark marking in apical third, BZD.l.15: hind femur colour BZD.l.15.2: unicolor yellow / pale or BZD.l.15.3: bi-coloured or with dark marking in apical third.